LA JOLLA (CNS) - Researchers at the Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute announced today the discovery of a molecule that prevents the Zika virus from spreading, which could be a first step toward development of a treatment for the disease.
The finding was published in the journal Antiviral Research by Alexey Terskikh, an assistant professor at the institute, and SBP professor Alex Strongin.
"We identified a small molecule that inhibits the Zika virus protease,and show that it blocks viral propagation in human cells and in mice," Terskikh said.
"Anti-Zika drugs are desperately needed," Terskikh said. "The fact that the compound seems to work in vivo is really promising, so we plan to use it as a starting point to make an even more potent and effective drug."
The tropical disease has spread into the U.S. in the past couple of years, and is known for causing babies born to infected pregnant women being born with smaller heads than usual.
The scientists said Zika has also led to increases in cases of Guillain-Barre syndrome, a rapidly developing neurological condition that causes weakness of the arms and legs, and can progress to life-threatening respiratory failure.
"Microcephaly is likely just the tip of the iceberg in terms of the potential adverse effects of maternal Zika infection," Terskikh said. "There may be other, less obvious impacts on brain development that wouldn't be apparent until later. That's something we're also investigating."
According to the institute, the scientists used a library of compounds that Strongin's lab had previously shown to inhibit the same component of the related West Nile virus. They also tried structurally similar molecules to determine whether any also blocked the protease.
The screening process identified three promising compounds, which were then tested for their ability to prevent Zika infection of human brain cells. The best one also reduced the amount of virus circulating in the blood of Zika-infected mice.
"The inhibitor's efficacy in animals is the key to the study's significance," Terskikh said.
"This, and the fact that the compound is likely to be safe make it especially promising," he said. "The compound blocks a part of the protease that's unique to viruses, so it doesn't inhibit similar human proteases. It's also much more potent than previously identified inhibitors of the Zika protease."
An experimental vaccine is set to move into phase 2 clinical trials at SBP in June.
"In addition to a Zika vaccine, we still need antivirals," Terskikh said. "Some people may be exposed who haven't been vaccinated. Having a way to treat the infection could help stop Zika from spreading and prevent its sometimes devastating effects."
The research was performed in collaboration with scientists at the La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology. Funding was provided by the National Institutes of Health.
The San Diego County Health & Human Services Agency has a list of frequently asked questions about Zika.
